The database, which went online last September with 1,500 names, sets itself apart from the few other existing slave databases which limit themselves to specific plantations or to ship manifests that list the captives by their native African names, society officials said. (In fact, free black Northerners had been kidnapped for years before the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.) 5-11: a debit and credit ledger for the trip; debits begin on 5 (numbered by Brandon as 7) and then are carried over on 8 through 11, with a final total (summed by me from Brandons subtotals) of $19,145.60 in expenses by February 2; credits begin page 6 (numbered by Brandon as 8) and then continue on 13 to 14, where a final total made by Brandon on February 2 shows $10,168.25 in credits, Begin August 1863 entry. My father gave $25. Photograph: Jessica Crawford. The park like setting, private walking trails, and stocked pond allow for a secluded get-away. The private, nonprofit historical society, the fourth-oldest in the nation, is assembling a growing roster of slaves names and other information, such as the slaves occupations, locations and plantation owners names, said Levengood. So using a $100,000 corporate grant from Dominion, one of the nations largest producers and transporters of energy, society researchers began examining some of its 8 million manuscripts that Virginia residents have been giving to the historical society since its founding in 1831. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. Did an Ancient Magnetic Field Reversal Cause Chaos for Life on Earth 42,000 Years Ago? As laid out in McDaniel's book, in 1840, Mississippi accounted for nearly a quarter of all. This article is a selection from the September 2019 issue of Smithsonian magazine. Land he sees will do fine for small Farmers of from 1 to 20 hands to make a living on, but to plant extensively or make a fortune I should never come here except on the creeks. Hasnt seen good hogs. Not so many complications of a legal nature arise out of the old relations of master and slave as might have been expected, the New York Tribune argued with barely concealed relief. The traders put Wood up for sale at Natchezs infamous Forks of the Road slave market. Not only business operations and day-to-day labor routines, but family affairs, the roles of women, racial attitudes, relations between masters and slaves, social and cultural life, the values shared by members of the planter class, and She was soon sold again, to a French immigrant, William Cirode, who took her to New Orleans. 1850 - According to the District Census, Boone Hall was producing 4,000,000 bricks per year using 85 slaves . Few white Americans wished to dwell on those evils. Born into bondage in Kentucky, Wood testified, she had been granted her freedom in Cincinnati in 1848, but five years later she was kidnapped by Ward, who sold her, and she ended up enslaved on a Texas plantation until after the Civil War. Bowens was born at Drayton in 1908, and returned to Charleston from Chicago in the 1970s. She was suing him for $20,000 in reparations. Ward began to plot with a group of these notorious "slave catchers." My children must thank me for the attempt to save [?] Reynolds and Lively got married at Boone Hall Plantation in Mount Pleasant, which features nine slave cabins, referred to as "Slave Street." The move was criticized at the time, but came under . "I can't quite tell my age," Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. She would one day recall that period of her life as a "sweet taste of liberty.". Mandys child died. S. Able who owns 3500 acres on the John Welch and Joseph Welch grants.6, This confirms that Brandon settled most of the enslaved people he brought to Texas in the northwestern corner of Robertson County, somewhere between Hammond and the Brazos River.7. In the same tax rolls is a J. MORE VIRGINIA SLAVERY RESOURCES. the joint wedding of Hoster's daughter Catelyn to Brandon Stark, eldest son and heir of Lord Rickard of Winterfell, and Lord Rickard's daughter Lyanna to Robert Baratheon, Lord of Storm's End. Has dinner with a woman who is hard on all who were not in the army, two soldiers from Vicksburg also critical of Mississippians. In November 2015, I retraced some of this route by car when coming back from Natchez. On the page opposite the list of deaths, there are also notations about Middletons expenses. Thats when you have to be creative.. At some point during those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown. Brandon Hall Plantation was built in 1856 outside of Natchez. The society stores the documents in an archive spanning thousands of square feet, he said. She had not forgotten Ward and sued him the following year. did desi arnaz jr have a stroke; moose tracks vs cow tracks ice cream What a pity, that amount would have supported you during the war. Describes the Brazos (he appears to spell as Brassos) as a little, crooked, muddy [? It is, rather, a living reminder of the truth of the Black experience during the time of slavery. On November 15** went ot hear a Mr. Wood was among them. Your Privacy Rights But Wood and her lawyers had argued that the case was about much more than damages from abduction. See, Trinity River (specific place illegible, but may be Madisonville) (possibly by July 22, when he paid $28 for a ferry, according to page 5 of the journal), qq Transcribe relevant portions of Texas diary, qq Go through probate records on Ancestry. These searches were performed by Christina via HeritageQuest as part of her RA Assignments.4. Upper Brandon plantation was part of an original land patent known as Brandon, granted to Captain John Martin, one of the founders of Jamestown.He was succeeded by several absentee owners, including a grandson of William Shakespeare, until the property was purchased by Benjamin Harrison II of Wakefield in 1712.. On my way to camp I called to see Mr.Blackshear, in Springfield, who gives him a very good dinner, pure coffee. Begins August 9 entry: This Holy Sabbath morn finds me near the banks of the Brazos, without meal or meat, because of price gouging and worthless Confederate paper. If you know of any others send the information to me. In the first half of the 19th century, there were as many as 85 slaves working at the plantation. His wife Charlotte (age 49) and his children Mary (15) and Charles (5) are listed as fellow members of the household. Buttermilk at Robertsons. Descendants of slave owners, slaves and freed slaves listen to a history of the plantation. Janes husband exclaimed just as she was knocked out to his master Glory to God on high, peace and good will to men on earth and it seemed to pop from his very soul. The "finest" house at the Brandon Hall Plantation, for example, was built by the enslaved. Discovered that several men (Isaac, [Matt] & Charley) had been in the hog business, cost me $30 (noted in ledger on p.9, Brandons page 14); medicine scarce; Oh! The search for enslaved ancestors requires research in the records of slaveholding families. All rights reserved. However, at the height of the slave era (1830-1860), only a few thousand masters owned as many as 300 people. Amateur genealogist Crasty Johnson of Richmond said she hopes the sites will help her trace her roots back to the 1800s. Two of Brandons brothers were killed in battle, one at Chancellorsville and one at Fredricksburg (p.329). From 1914 until the present, Brandon Hall Plantation has had ten owners. The plantation, however, plays a role in the darkest period of American history. This page also contains the line: Henrietta conducts herself well, as did some other enslaved people mentioned by name.9 But Brandon says I am really tired, sick of them and being with them, a perfect dogs life, & will disgust anyone with the . By suing Ward for the wages she had lost while owned by Brandon, her lawyers made clear that a verdict for Wood was an acknowledgment of the evils of slavery itself. The other refers to Sandys desire, like his, to hear from home. Slave traders met the demand by buying slaves in Virginia, Kentucky, and Maryland and selling them in the cotton states. You have to read between the lines: Oh, they mention Amy in a letter, and then you have to read another letter in the collection to realize that Amy is a slave and not a family member, Levengood said. Today, it remains virtually unknown, even as reparations for slavery are once again in the headlines. (pg 44a-44b), Adams County, Mississippi: 217 enslaved people were listed under Gerard Brandon, trustee for children. 70 slave dwellings were also noted. 1890 ( photo) The Briars , (aka Briers), built 1814-18 possibly by John Perkins, Natchez. Wood secretly told her story to a sympathetic innkeeper who followed her to Lexington, where a lawsuit was filed on her behalf asserting that she was free. The Brandons were harvesters of cotton, sugarcane, and indigo and owned 700 slaves. Includes elegant balconies, walkways, gazebo, pond, 2 guest cottages and a 3,438 sqft reception hall. Ward planned to make Wood the latest victim of this trade, but she resolved to fight. (That route is supported by a notation on page 5 of his journal showing that he paid a toll at Neches on July 21.). Improve this listing Property amenities Free parking I need to know my history, she said, adding the site may help her prove or disprove many of the things shes heard about her familys past. (this book has a wealth of info on slaves - since many of the people listed were freed in wills - details of emancipation are there as well as detailed physical descriptions) In 1833 Chew sold the property to Nathaniel Hoggatt, a successful planter whose daughter Charlotte inherited the land after his death. 1800 kitchen/slave house with its unusual extended cornice. All they needed was someone to do the dirty work of enslaving her again. All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room (not shared) bathrooms. At some point during those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown. Even Juneteenth, the day in June 1865 when Union soldiers arrived in Texas to enforce emancipation, did not liberate Wood. herculoids gloop and gleep sounds The Virginia Historical Society finds 3,200 slaves named in private documents, The unpublished documents are from Virginians' attics, basements and desk drawers, "We sold all the negros 43 in number at astonishingly large prices," an 1858 letter says, One user of the society's free database of slaves finds the owner of his great-great-great-grandfather. Headed back to TX today using same route Brandon took with slaves, including Wood, in 1863. But Woods award, however insufficient, was not ineffectual. Ward's lawyers stalled, claiming that Wood's failed antebellum suit for freedom proved his innocence. W. Caleb McDaniel But Wood's name never made it into the history books. The free, public website also provides a high-resolution copy of the antique documents that identify the slave. Going directly from Alexandria to Sabinetown suggests that he crossed the swampy region between those places directly, avoiding the roads. In 1807, at the death of Benjamin Harrison III (1743-1807), his will divided the . More on Mandys child. The whole country bleeds and is in mourning. Gerard Brandon, Wood's last owner, was one of the largest plantations in all of the American South. The bulk of his papers are in several collections at Historic Natchez Foundation. Call List Agent for a Fact Sheet. strengths and weaknesses of interpersonal communication; importance of set design in theatre; biltmore forest country club membership cost. The gang located Wood's employer in Cincinnati, a boardinghouse keeper named Rebecca Boyd, and paid her to join their scheme. Brandon was a very rich man, Wood later said. Begins August 24 entry: no beef as yet now for four days. Slaves dissatisfied. Reflections on number of slaves he has brought: I am now content & feel if I can take care of what I have, I shall do very well., Doesnt like to hire out, & to feed them in idleness, they will soon eat their heads off. Learns of a meeting of locals for resolutions on refugees and the some 1000 or 1500 negroes moved into the region. Someone offers to speak up in Brandons defense, as mine looked clean & orderly. Williams has sent a ham, bucket of butter, & three water mellons. Begins August 29 entry: demands from persons wanting to hire negroes.. Note: Unless otherwise noted, page numbers below refer to my numbering of the photocopy pages of the full Brandon diary I acquired at HNF, not to Brandons numbering or to the Helen Rayne transcription. One Sunday afternoon in April 1853, Boyd tricked Wood into taking a carriage ride across the river. Clipping of J. H. Coltons map of the state of Louisiana and eastern part of Texas (1863) showing locations mentioned in Brandons account of his flight from Natchez. Discouraged by possibility of his being taken a prisoner when he tries to return. Evangeline Wayne is seated near the center, in a cream-colored coat. Meat at Bulls but so hard & dry no one could eat it. Meats Esquire Jones, an opponent of secession who fears the postwar. The first part is an inventory of stores taken on the first day on which Forster Clarke entered on the management of the Estate (11 July 1803). Old Mr. S. Turner bought Jane and children. Brandon Plantation, one of the nation's oldest working farms along the James River in Prince George County, was sold to a family in Florida for $17.8 million. Brandon Hall Plantation, west side. Expressions of homesickness. So I find my negroes out of doors, & stock poor, corn high & some difficulty to get it, & separated from my family." All Rights Reserved. I wanted to really know. This property has much more to offer. Henrietta Woods story began two centuries ago with her birth in northern Kentucky. I created this site because I have a passion for old houses! The Brandons were harvesters of cotton, sugarcane, and indigo and owned 700 slaves. Brandon was also required to pay his wife $127,436 with legal interest and costs of suit. She was later removed from the cotton fields and put to work in Brandons house. Improve this listing Property amenities After 1815, as white settlers rushed into the lower Mississippi River Valley, many looked to purchase slaves to cultivate the region's most profitable crop. Harriss said many architectural features were kept true to the original design when the house was renovated in. Most rural enslaved people were owned by masters who had 10-20 enslaved people, who often were housed in closer proximity to masters, perhaps sharing housing, and perhaps having access to closer relations with their masters than plantation slaves had. It went through a number of owners before becoming an inn and event venue. Saturday April 17, 2021 The widely acclaimed Slave Dwelling Project comes to Natchez April 17 as part of an effort designed to bring attention to the world of the enslaved in the Natchez District. Its a database for the ones that are coming up. The couple had numerous children, though only five survived into adulthood; four daughters died of natural causes during the Civil War. Most slaves were by their owners design and eventually by law forbidden to learn how to read and write, so they didnt leave us material that so many figures in the past did, Levengood said. As one put it, Woods award was not a liberal equivalent for the loss of liberty she had suffered, but it would be applicable to a great many cases yet untried.. Captivating Houses, Harrisonburg by the 16th, butcould not pass the pickets" and found that all the Ferries on Ouachita & Tensas were destroyed or strictly guarded. Backtracks to Alexandria. I suffer much mentally.. Sanderson hung back in Natchez. I sowed the cotton, hoed the cotton, and picked the cotton. Brandon Hall is a beautifully restored plantation home that dates back to 1856. Cold front. Discusses leaving Poole with a power of attorney, and one with Bennett if Poole becomes indisposed. This was the most valuable property they owned, and they wanted to make sure it was recorded. Wood was never allowed to testify, however, and Ward denied her claims. One is hiring negroes to go 300 miles west for the government. Brandon sends 40. Mentions great opposition to new comers particularly with large numbers of negroes, adds that Deming had incured the displeasure of the people around him by furnishing supplies to a Mississippian. Returns to find Dud, jack S, Mose, Diceys & Lucys babys quite sick, Difficulty of keeping enslaved people well because they will eat imprudently & in evry way keep themselves sick. Many of the slaves had been forgotten to the world until the Virginia Historical Society received a $100,000 grant to pore over some of its 8 million unpublished manuscripts letters, diaries, ledgers, books and farm documents from Virginians dating to the 1600s and began discovering the long-lost identities of the slaves, said society president and CEO Paul Levengood. Zebulon Ward was their man. Now I was in trouble. The story told by Bill deepens in complexity, and involves a plot by Ables son to run to Mexico, though most of his slaves deny that they were going to go along. The case was eventually dismissed. | READ MORE. In the 1863 tax sales the property was sold to the Federal government for . Brandon Hall C1856. The society Saturday held the first of four community workshops on how to use the online database at the organizations headquarters in Richmond, Virginia. Hover over the town names to trace her tortuous path from slavery to freedomand back. Inside, behind the handsomely recessed main entrance, were parlor rugs from the Orient, services of English silver, mantels of the finest Italian marble and great pier mirrors from France., Since the 1860 slave schedule was not searchable at the time, the page numbers are provided for the Mississippi and Louisiana slave schedules., The affidavit says that on the 1st of July, 1863, the pending war, and the exigencies of the times compelled his hasty departure from this state for the state of Texas, where he was detained until February 1864. Brandon was one of many Refugees to Texas who took Refugeed Slaves there to escape emancipating Union armies. I cant quite tell my age, Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. That story began two centuries ago with Wood's birth in northern Kentucky. Robert Payne, who attended Saturdays workshop, said hes been researching his family for the past 15 years, but finding information about his ancestors wasnt easy. All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room (not shared) bathrooms. By the 1850s, the interstate slave trade was booming, and the Whites saw dollar signs whenever they thought of Wood. Brandon Hall would make a wonderful family estate. Documents citing slaves go back to the 1690s: Thats when slavery starts to grow fast in Virginia and other English colonies, Levengood said. In 1834, the teenager was bought by a merchant in Louisville and taken from her family. In order to identify records of interest, you must first examine the genealogy of slaveholding families. Carter said the original documents digitized on the site will help her uncover more of her own familys history in Virginia, as well as help her students learn about the era. , had a good dinner & supper, spent a pleasant evening. Asthma & cramp colic. Begins November 13th & 14th" entry, discusses hunting for deer. That's why, at the end . Prince George County: Brandon. Sanderson to Texas.8 While at Morgans, he is introduced to Oliver Carter near Fairfield, who put him in touch with a Mr.Deming, who had a too-small place for sale, and not until January 7. An 1858 runaway slave ad for Elijah, who said Gerard Brandon was his owner, is in the Runaway Slaves in Mississippi project, edited by Douglas Chambers and Max Grivno, on p.536. He then traveled on to Texas via these stops, according to a list on an unnumbered page of his journal: If he followed marked roads out of Alexandria to the Sabine River, then he would have gone through Natchitoches, but that road would have taken him to Milam, Texas, not Sabinetown. She was later removed from the cotton fields and put to work in Brandon's house. . His overseers are John Lyle (born in Kentucky) and William Hurley (born in Scotland, accompanied by his wife Rose). Two days earlier, the jury had watched as Wood took the stand; her son, Arthur, who lived in Chicago, was in the courtroom. 2. While the online website is intuitive on how to use, the workshops are being held for users who need more guidance, Levengood said. Now she watched nervously as the 12 jurors returned to their seats. The plantation is located on 4,500 of the original 7,000 acres patented to Captain John Martin (1562-1632) in 1616. Cirode's daughter and son-in-law, Josephine and Robert White, still lived in Kentucky and disagreed with Jane Cirode's manumission of Wood; they viewed her as their inheritance. Many newspapers described Woods suit as an old case or a relic of slavery times, consigning stories like hers to a fading past. Stayed at a house in which the Ladies (3) of the house washed their feet (in our presence) in the common wash pan. Today, many reparations advocates look to legislation, targeting governments for their complicity in slavery and white supremacy. When African slavery was largely abolished in the mid-1800s, the center of plantation agriculture moved from the Americas to the Indo-Pacific region where the indigenous people . Not everyone agreed with the verdict, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible. Ancestry places birth on December 5, 1864., See also this genealogy page and the Gerard Brandon children website., See Steven Brooke, The Majesty of Natchez (Gretna, La. The Civil War began, followed in 1863 by the Emancipation Proclamation, but Woods ordeal continued. Then, in 1878, jurors ruled that Ward should pay Wood for her enslavement. Brandon Hall is a beautifully restored plantation home that dates back to 1856. In 2009 the owners of the house, Edward L. and James R. Diefenthal of New Orleans, Louisiana, donated the house to the Historic Natchez Foundation.[2]. His ancestors were slaves here, but the longtime math and science teacher at McComb High School felt no anger or bitterness. Begins December 26 entry, very rainy. Begins September 29 entry. Its a model and I hope the rest of the states catch up real quickly.. A record now at the National Archives in Chicago confirms that he did, in 1879. Went to pay for some corn. When he died in 1951, after a long career as a lawyer, he left behind a large clan of descendants who were able to launch professional careers of their own, even as redlining and other racially discriminatory practices put a chokehold on the South Side neighborhoods where they lived. Brandon Plantation was situated in the area where the regularized production of bright leaf tobacco was developed in the 1820s, an industry requiring slave labor. Celebrates Christmas with Graves and Dr. . Newspapers described Wood's suit as an "old case" or a "relic of slavery times," consigning stories like hers to a fading past. He helped Wood file a lawsuit in Cincinnati against Ward, now a wealthy man living in Lexington. Brandon Hall in Natchez, MS was built by Gerard Brandon and his wife Charlotte (Hoggatt). According to scarborough2003, p.432, Brandon owned 706 enslaved people on plantations in Adams County (512), Concordia Parish (113) and Tensas Parish (81) in the 1860 Census, making him the tenth largest slaveholder in Scarboroughs sample for 1860, even though he does not appear on Scarboroughs sample of planters with over 500 slaves in 1850. Slaves at the Boone Hall Plantation & Gardens. In 1987 the home was completely renovated and restored, perfectly duplicating the original construction. She is described as the familys faithful colored servant Henrietta. Wonderful site.. Even "Juneteenth," the day in June 1865 when Union soldiers arrived in Texas to enforce emancipation, did not liberate Wood. Negro slave owners were listed in 29 Kentucky counties (see below). 1842 wing of the residence. In 1889, he was one of the first African-American graduates of what became Northwestern University's School of Law. He owned 700 to 800 slaves on several plantations, and he put me to work at once in the cotton field, she said. Cobbler and corn bread with another host. Sanford Poole & Sandy had gone to kill a deer. Middleton arrives, and he gets a package from home. : Pelican Publishing Company, Inc., 2007), 92. Then, in 1878, jurors ruled that Ward should pay Wood for her enslavement. Brandon and Middleton travelling. I worked under the meanest overseers, and got flogged and flogged, until I thought I should die.". After Brandon pursued several possible places to rent in Texas, Joseph S. Able, a resident of Robertson County, offered Brandon a place on his land with 300 acres in cultivation 2 cabins & corn on the ground as well as use of a mill. Whether she succeeded in that quest is unknown but she did find a lawyer, Harvey Myers. Though a fraction of what Wood had asked for, the amount would be worth nearly $65,000 today. But Gerard Rickey notes in an email from November 23, 2016, that there is also a Henrietta mentioned in the memoir of James Brandons son Gerard Brandon (the nephew of the GB who owned Henrietta Wood). By 1983, only 40 acres remained and the house had fallen into disrepair. The freedom suit had prevented Ward from selling Wood for nearly two years, but in 1855, he took her to a Kentucky slave-trading firm that did business in Natchez, Mississippi. Finally, they announced a verdict that few expected: We, the Jury in the above entitled cause, do find for the plaintiff and assess her damages in the premises at Two thousand five hundred dollars.. On April 17, 1878, 12 white jurors entered a federal courtroom in Cincinnati to deliver the verdict in a now-forgotten lawsuit about American slavery. Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, a New Orleans native who has devoted much of her life to the study of slavery, spent 15 years in the courthouses of Louisiana, as well as in archives in Spain, France and. Varina Banks Howell, dau of William & Margaret Howell, married Jefferson Davis on Feb 26, 1845 in the parlor of The Briars. Between 1820 and 1860, nearly a million people were sold "down the river.". whole race. A record now at the National Archives in Chicago confirms that he did, in 1879. Unsure of his next steps, whether to visit home and be on the dodge all the time, the great fear I have is being sent to a northern prison.. Brandon kept her enslaved on a cotton plantation until well after the war. While Wood received $2,500 as compensation for more than 16 years of unpaid labor, her former enslaver, Ward, left an estate worth at least $600,000 when he died in 1894, a multimillionaire in todays terms. Its an incredibly complicated and tragic institution that were just beginning to understand the dimensions of, Levengood said. they are the dirtiest people I ever saw or heard of & come nigher living out doors than any others., Begins November 27 entry. Born into bondage in Kentucky, Wood testified, she had been granted her freedom in Cincinnati in 1848, but five years later she was kidnapped by Ward, who sold her, and she ended up enslaved on a Texas plantation until after the Civil War. More critical talk from his dinner partners about rich planters, whose negroes are dressed better than Texas soldiers. Brandon feels it unfair but holds his peace. Wards lawyers stalled, claiming that her failed antebellum suit for freedom proved his innocence. Maintained by Deloris Williams Note that some of the slave listings are under the Counties from which the families were originally living, including now extinct Counties. 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Research in the headlines her to join their scheme under the meanest overseers, and he gets a package home! African-American graduates of what became Northwestern University 's School of Law she succeeded in that quest unknown! Balconies, walkways, gazebo, pond, 2 guest cottages and a 3,438 sqft Hall. Outside of Natchez, I retraced some of this trade, but resolved. Days, Wood & # x27 ; s book, in 1878, ruled. From Chicago in the first African-American graduates of what Wood had asked,. Listed in 29 Kentucky counties ( see below ) had gone to kill a deer slaves. Appears to spell as Brassos ) as a little, crooked, muddy [? before becoming inn! Saw dollar signs whenever they thought of Wood for nearly a million people were listed in 29 Kentucky counties see. Were harvesters of cotton, sugarcane, and he gets a package from home or! Hover over the town names to trace her roots back to 1856 `` down river!