Severe exposure, starvation and disease ravaged tribes during their forced migration to present-day Oklahoma. Many died. TV Show & Movie Future Explained, Stephen Amell's Arrow vs. Jeremy Renner's Hawkeye: Who Would Win In A Fight, Lowcountry Digital History Initiative online exhibit, How Jeremy Renner Failed To Take Over TWO Movie Franchises In The 2010s, Mission: Impossible - Why Jeremy Renner Hasn't Returned Since Rogue Nation, The Conners Just Made Jackies Andy Retcon Even More Confusing, Young Sheldon S6 FINALLY Confirms Georgies Ludicrous TBBT Missy Story, One Big Bang Theory Main Character Was Only Meant To Be A Guest Role. In Mayor of Kingstown, however, Miriams story is that of an African king who is abducted by Portuguese explorers and negotiates his freedom by offering to collect 10 more slaves for the explorer when he returns the next year and 100 the year after that. My grandmother said she didn't remember getting to camp that night, but she was with her aunt and uncle. Services. Early in the 19th century, the United States felt threatened by England and Spain, who held land in the western continent. Have one represent John Ross and the other Major Ridge and his allies. Some of my relatives didn't make it. She is the author of two novels. (Adapted from Sam Bowers Hilliard, "Indian Land Cessions" [detail], Map Supplement 16, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. It is estimated that more than 2,500 Choctaw men, women, and children, died on their journey to Oklahoma in the 1830s. For more information on certified trail sites, and maps and the history of the trail, please visit their website. Arriving about 10,000 years ago, they are now almost completely extinct except for a small handful of breeds such as Alaskan Malamutes, and Greenland Dogs. Trail of Tears painting by Robert Lindneux. Clinical signs of drowning mostly involve the respiratory system: Coughing with or without foamy, red saliva. Do you think it is an effective appeal? The government provided wagons, horses, and oxen; Ross made arrangements for food and other necessities. The Cherokees might have been able to hold out against renegade settlers for a long time. Some Indians not only provide an abundant supply of food for their families, by the labour of their own hands, but have a surplus of several hundred bushels of corn, with which they procure clothing, furniture, and foreign articles of luxury.2. 2. The description "Trail of Tears" is thought to have originated with the Choctaw, the first of the major Southeast tribes to be relocated, starting in 1830. Chickasaw Which Country Has The Best School Attendance? These wretches rifle the houses and strip the helpless, unoffending owners of all they have on earth.. Genocide is when they outright set you up for failure.". They walked through rain and cold and incredible heat. A railroad track also lines the campground and the park's edge. Do you think the U.S. government had the right to enforce this treaty? Older now, Major Ridge spoke of his reasons for supporting the treaty: I am one of the native sons of these wild woods. During the course of the next two centuries, their interactions varied between cooperation and communication to conflict and warfare. In spite of orders to treat the tribe members kindly, the roundup was cruel. Two-thirds of the ill-equipped Cherokees were trapped between the ice-bound Ohio and Mississippi Rivers during January. It remains tribal headquarters for the Cherokee Nation today. Today, much of the original trail is . What happened to the Cherokee after the Trail of Tears? . Many days pass and people die very much.5. must be in motion to join their brethren in the far West.. Do you think Robert Thomas's story about his grandmother is based on a real event? In August 1839, John Ross was elected Principal Chief of the reconstituted Cherokee Nation. You are now placed in the midst of a white population. Animal Spirit Dog Names From Indigenous Languages. I am sincerely desirous to promote your welfare. 4. The book Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee (brought to screen in the 2007 film by the same name starring True Bloods Anna Paquin) is seen on the students desks. Always take the dog to the vet for a full checkup immediately after a near drowning occurs. Seminole How might it affect their attitude towards the Treaty of New Echota? About 1,000 Cherokees in Tennessee and North Carolina escaped the roundup. Out on the white road she had been so terrified, she squeezed her goose hard and suffocated it in her apron, but her aunt and uncle let her keep it until she fell asleep. Many were treated brutally. The two men who had worked so closely together were now bitterly divided. Some see Major Ridge and his allies as realists whose treaty was probably the best possible solution in an impossible situation. A student approaches Miriam and says that she grew up on Pine Ridge. Yes, they do have facial and body hair but very little, and they tend to pluck it from their faces as often as it grows. 2. Decreased body temperature Blue gums indicative of cyanosis, or lack of oxygen. 0. By March 1839, all survivors had arrived in the west. As European settlers arrived, Cherokees traded and intermarried with them. This trail segment has survived because it is used as a private farm road. This is a true story of the Cherokee Indian Removal, known as the "Trail of Tears" as told by Private John G. Burnett, McClellan's Company, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Mounted Infantry, to his children on the occasion of his 80th birthday. By the 1820s, many Cherokees had adopted some of the cultural patterns of the white settlers as well. By reading "The Trail of Tears and the Forced Relocation of the Cherokee Nation" students will appreciate the pressures working to force the Cherokees off their homelands and the painful divisions those pressures created within the tribe itself. What modern states are included within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation? She tells her students that the Civil War is " the . Both men were powerful speakers and well able to articulate their opposition to the constant pressure from settlers and the federal government to relocate to the west. Throughout the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson ordered the forced removal of tens of thousands of Native Americans from their homelands east of the Mississippi River. At the same time, American settlers clamored for more land. On the contrary, they add to Miriams character development as a teacher employing storytelling tactics to engage her students. The Cherokees were divided on the issue of adopting aspects of white culture or trying to maintain their traditions unchanged. With the lack of shelter and clothing, death became rampant, and the journey was named "The Trail of Tears". Throughout the first three episodes, Miriam teaches three lessons, each with poignant attention that is hard to ignore. Tragically, the story in this lesson is also one of conflict within the Cherokee Nation as it struggled to hold on to its land and its culture in the face of overwhelming force. Ross lived here with his grandparents as a boy and the house later served as a headquarters for the enterprises that made him a rich man. I have no motive, my friends, to deceive you. Most Cherokees lived on small farms like this. Early in the 19th century, the United States felt threatened by England and Spain, who held land in the western continent. The Choctaw had their own Trail of Tears as did the Chickasaw, Seminole, and Creek. Before it was enlarged, Major Ridge's house probably looked much like this house. beating like a funeral drum, A nation torn apart, So one can be . About a quarter of the Cherokee Nation in the 1820s lived in present-day Cherokee, Etowah, and DeKalb counties in Alabama. Are these tribes still present in the region? contains maps and other useful information. More than 4,000 Cherokees died on the journey. There is but one path of safety, one road to future existence as a Nation. Land in question is cross-referenced with 67 maps so you can see the parcel(s) included in each treaty. Facts abundantly disprove this opinion. A voluntary relocation plan was enacted into law in 1824 and some Indians chose to move west. What is the tone of General Scott's message to the Cherokees? This was written while I was surrounded by eight dogs on a sultry overcast day near a slack river. Questions for Photo 1 Cherokees built gristmills, sawmills, and blacksmith shops. Home University Of Oklahoma Were There Dogs On The Trail Of Tears? Their descendents remain in their homeland in the Great Smoky Mountains to this day. How do they differ? In 1822, the treasurer of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions reported on some of the changes that had been made: It used to be said, a few years since, with the greatest of confidence, and is sometimes repeated even now, that "Indians can never acquire the habit of labour." What were the effects of the choices made by the groups of Cherokees discussed in the readings? A traveler from Maine happened upon one of the caravans in Kentucky: We found the road literally filled with the procession for about three miles in length. Based on the quotations from Chief Womankiller and Major Ridge, how did the Cherokee feel about their land? NM About 700 Creeks managed to get aboard. Drowning Drowning Bear Drowning Bear Drowning Bear Drowning, Bear Drowning, Bear John Drumgold, Alex. Historians of the Cherokee removal are equally divided in their appraisals of the two men. Any case of near drowning is severe and can lead to life-threatening problems hours after the event. The end of the Trail of Tears for the Cherokee Nation was 180 years ago Sunday, when according to most sources, including the park . Perhaps the better question should be would the bargain have existed without the desire for a slave? While a provocative question, this question is largely off-basesince slaverys origins can be traced back to Mesopotamia in 6800 B.C. . The Trail of Tears National Historic Trail commemorates the removal of the Cherokee and the paths that 17 Cherokee detachments followed westward. as is pointed out by Free the Slaves (via freetheslaves.net). The Trail of Tears wasn't just one route. The pink trail is the northern route. This dog is a wonderful dog, well-known for its intelligence, strength & loyalty. Choctaw You have but one remedy within your reach. It soon became a term analogous with the removal of any Indian tribe and was later burned into the American language by the brutal removal of the Cherokees in 1838. By looking at The Trail of Tears and the Forced Relocation of the Cherokee Nation, students learn about one of the many stories associated with the removal of American Indians from their homelands by the United States Government. In 1826, Ross moved to a large plantation near Rome, Georgia, only about a mile from Major Ridge. 2. A few tribes, however, considered the dog to be the symbol of promiscuity and filth. This photo shows a segment of road believed to have been used during the Cherokee removal of 1838. Monmouth was a small steamer weighing 135 tons. The Trail of Tears National Historic Trail commemorates the removal of the Cherokee and the paths that 17 Cherokee detachments followed westward. Womens cry and make sad wails. It was defeated. Divide the class into four groups and have each group research the history of one of the following tribes now living in Oklahoma, making sure that each tribe is covered: Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole. Because they had ceded tribal lands without the consent of the tribe, Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot were murdered in 1839. Ask the class to pretend they are members of the Cherokee National Council. When she had bread, she would dip a little in water and slip it to the goose in her apron. 3. They introduced them to crops such as corn, squash, and potatoes; and taught them how to use herbal medicines for illnesses. How difficult do you think it would have been to provide food and supplies for such a large group in a sparsely populated rural area? Although Mayor of Kingstown has editorialized the story slightly, these details do not affect the authenticity of the story. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 . Do you think the story was intended as factual history? If needed, refer to Reading 1. "Five Civilized Tribes" of Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw . Yet, on May 23, 1836, the Treaty of New Echota was ratified by the U.S. Senate by just one vote. Families were separated-the elderly and ill forced out at gunpoint - people given only moments to collect cherished possessions. Yet a minority felt that it was futile to continue to fight. Another survivor recalled: "Long time we travel on way to new land. . Would you have tried to resist the removals after hearing Scott's message? John Ross persuaded the council not to approve the treaty. Loss of consciousness. Following the removal, the Cherokee reestablished their national capitol at Tahlequah in eastern Oklahoma. Questions for Illustration 1 The Georgians have shown a grasping spirit lately; they have extended their laws, to which we are unaccustomed, which harass our braves and make the children suffer and cry. In what ways does the house demonstrate that Major Ridge was a rich man? A new treaty accepting removal would at least compensate the Cherokees for their land before they lost everything. Even though he was a slave holder, he appeals to the words of the Declaration of Independence. Historically, Cherokees occupied lands in several southeastern states. Do you think he makes a persuasive case for approval? Trail of tears, yeah, yeah A trail of tears, oh, oh Oh, oh, oh, yeah Trail of tears, yeah. Perhaps they were directly persecuted. The President of the United States has sent me, with a powerful army, to cause you, in obedience to the Treaty of 1835, to join that part of your people who are already established in prosperity, on the other side of the Mississippi. The Trail of Tears Association (TOTA) is a non-profit, membership organization formed to support the creation, development, and interpretation of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail. A popular song in Georgia at the time included this refrain: All I ask in this creation Miriam concludes her lesson by asking, would slavery have existed without this bargain? How do you think that might affect their attitudes towards adopting some of the white cultural and agricultural practices? In December 1835, the U.S. resubmitted the treaty to a meeting of 300 to 500 Cherokees at New Echota. It was a bad winter and it got really cold in Illinois. There were more than 4,800 Cherokees waiting at camps in this general area before relocation. The thunder died away and the wagons continued their long journey westward toward the setting sun. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Why or why not? During the winter on the trail it is said that the weather was unbearable cold, which caused many difficulties for the tribes. It was signed into law on May 23. The Cherokee Trail of Tears was an event that took place in America during the 1830s.Five groups of civilized Native American tribes: the Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, Chickasaw, and Cherokee lived in . The removal included many members of tribes who did not wish to assimilate. In Mayor of Kingstown episode 1, Miriam discusses the Civil War. Further Reading Summary of the Trail of Tears - The Removal of the Cherokee On 06 April 1838 President Martin Van Buren ordered General Winfield Scott to take charge of the removal of the Indians to start their journey on the Trail of Tears. It is estimated that of the approximately 16,000 Cherokee who were removed between 1836 and 1839, about 4,000 perished. Most Cherokees opposed removal. Some settlers did not wait for approval. The stages can take between 10 and 12 minutes before death occurs. This illustration shows the homestead of Lying Fish, located in a relatively remote valley in northern Georgia. Between 1721 and 1819, over 90 percent of their lands were ceded to others. The property also included a large farm, worked by slaves. It also promotes a greater awareness of the Trail's legacy and the effects of the United States' policy of American Indian removal not only on the Cherokee, but also on other tribes, primarily the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. Long time we travel on way to new land. Related: Stephen Amell's Arrow vs. Jeremy Renner's Hawkeye: Who Would Win In A Fight. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. My memories cut deep, oh, yeah, with a silver knife The legend opens up its arms and takes another life. It is at the north end of Claremore Lake on Dog Creek, has two large rooms and a small . Smithsonian's National Museum of American Indians When Edmund isn't working or speaking, he enjoys spending time with his family and friends. Open up my wounds and take a look inside. An unknown number of slaves also died on the Trail of Tears. . 3. How are they alike? Does the Ross house look like the home of a rich man? What difficulties might it present? CAIRO, Ill. -- Through the efforts of the Illinois and Kentucky Trail of Tears Association chapters there are now two wayside exhibits at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in Illinois. What war is he referring to? The wagons were lined up. Fifteen thousand captives still awaited removal. Walking Get their steps in. The NMAI is the only national museum dedicated to the Native peoples of North, South, and Central America. Trail of tears, yeah Trail of tears, yeah . The Indians had all stepped into the bark which was to carry them across, but their dogs remained upon the bank. Well, they walked a long time, you know. What food was eaten on the Trail of Tears? The three boats made fairly good time on a cold, rainy night. What were the conditions on the Trail of Tears? . Crowding, poor sanitation, and drought made them miserable. Severe exposure, starvation and disease ravaged tribes during their forced migration to present-day Oklahoma. Respiratory distress. Questions for Map 2 Miriam teaches a class on the origin of slavery in Mayor of Kingstown episode 3 that is drawn from the historical account of Pope Nicolas V from Crnica dos feitos da Guin by Gomes Eanes de Zurara (which is available through College of Charlestons Lowcountry Digital History Initiative online exhibit African Laborers for a New Empire: Iberia, Slavery, and the Atlantic World.) Eanes de Zurara tells the story of the young Portuguese ship captain, Antam Goncalvez, who kidnapped a small group of Berbers with the help of his crew and another. Thomas Jefferson suggested that the eastern American Indians might be induced to relocate to the new territory voluntarily, to live in peace without interference from whites. But . She tells her students that the Civil War is the only time in history, the oppressors fought each other over the rights of the oppressed and goes on to say that a decade after the Union victory, a new union army made up of mostly imprisoned confederate soldiers and immigrants reignited the genocide begun by Columbus some 400 years earlier.. She lives in Los Angeles and is most often found running or hiking with her German Shepherd, working on her books, or eating Indian food. I would willingly die to preserve them, but any forcible effort to keep them will cost us our lands, our lives and the lives of our children. He has dedicated his life to helping students achieve their full potential in the classroom and beyond. Her parents knew she had the goose and let her keep it. Why or why not? In 1825, they worked together to create a new national capitol for their tribe, at New Echota in Georgia. Keep the dog warm while you seek veterinary care. Just like their father before them, the surviving McLusky brothers participate and facilitate a low level of crime in order to coexist. What do you think whites meant by "civilized?". . New research has suggested a dog's eyes well up with tears of happiness when reunited with their owner after a period of absence. Women cry and make sad wails. In the 1820s, the numbers of Cherokees moving to Arkansas territory increased. Southeastern Native American Documents Collection, 1730-1842 When my grandmother and her parents were in the middle of the road, a great black snake started hissing down the river, roaring toward the Cherokees. How do you think adopting elements of white culture impacted the traditional practices of the Cherokees? More than being scared, they actually hated the Native Americans and their lifestyle. 5. Water was scarce and often contaminated. 1. 3. This lesson on the Trail of Tears uses a wide variety of historical evidence. He loves traveling and exploring new places, and he is an avid reader who loves learning about new cultures and customs. And the sooner you do this the sooner you will commence your career of improvement and prosperity.. 1. In 1837, soldiers operating out of Fort Armistead in Tennessee pursued Creek (Muskogee) Indians into the mountains of North Carolina, when Creeks tried to escape their own nation's Removal by seeking refuge in Cherokee territory. Children cry and many men cry, and all look sad like when friends die, but they say nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West. 4. Children cry and many men cry, and all look sad like when friends die, but they say nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West. The two windows to the left of the front door were part of the earliest part of this house, a log cabin of two rooms separated by an open breezeway. Even as Major Ridge and John Ross were planning for the future of New Echota and an educated, well-governed tribe, the state of Georgia increased its pressure on the federal government to release Cherokee lands for white settlement. Why do you think there might have been so many? Trails of Tears, and Hope . Have each group appoint a spokesperson to report its findings to class, including a brief update on its tribal nation in the 21st century. Find the water route. Both had used what they learned from the whites to become slave holders and rich men. Listen to me, therefore, while I tell you that you cannot remain where you now are. 3. Compare the house shown here with the Ridge and Ross houses. Major Ridge is reported to have said that he was signing his own death warrant. Today, they are known as the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. What problems do you think they might have encountered on the journey? The family matriarch, Miriam, however, seems displeased with the McLusky brothers roles in Kingstown. Modern Indian reservations still exist across the United States and fall under the umbrella of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Thomas Jefferson proposed the creation of a buffer zone between U.S. and European holdings, to be inhabited by eastern American Indians. Trail of tears, yeah, yeah. In May 1838, Federal troops and state militias began the roundup of the Cherokees into stockades. In October and November, 12 detachments of 1,000 men, women, children, including more than 100 slaves, set off on an 800 mile-journey overland to the west. People feel bad when they leave Old Nation. The Trail of Tears - from Georgia to Oklahoma In October 1838, 13 contingents of Cherokee set out from New Echota to join the trail already made by the other four nations. Rattlesnake Springs was one of the stockade camps where Cherokees were initially collected after being forced off of their land. The official web page of the Cherokee Nation offers primary documents such as the text of a dozen treaties, interviews, published recollections from historic newspapers, council meeting notes from 1829, as well as a summary history of the Cherokees from prehistory to 2001. Taking place in the 1830s, the Trail of Tears was the forced and brutal relocation of approximately 100,000 indigenous people (belonging to Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole, among other nations) living between Michigan, Louisiana, and Florida to land west of the Mississippi River. The Choctaw relocation began in 1830; the Chickasaw relocation was in 1837; the Creek were removed by force in 1836 following negotiations that started in 1832; and the Seminole removal triggered a 7-year war that ended in 1843. Chief Womankiller, an old man, summed up their views: My sun of existence is now fast approaching to its setting, and my aged bones will soon be laid underground, and I wish them laid in the bosom of this earth we have received from our fathers who had it from the Great Being above.. These white settlers were really scared of the Native Americans. What did Major Ridge and John Ross have in common? The first detachments set forth only to find no water in the springs and they returned back to their camps. Santa Fe View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the 1997 Vinyl release of "Tragic Animal Stories" on Discogs. My grandmother was a little girl in Georgia when the soldiers came to her house to take her family away. In 1828 Andrew Jackson became president of the United States. In the 1860s, Stand Watie, the brother of Elias Boudinot who had barely escaped assassination, led Confederate troops against John Ross's supporters in the Civil War. ), 2) when it was created, 3) what facts it contains, 3) what other kinds of information it provides, 4) why it was created, and 5) what it adds to their understanding of the Cherokee experience and the Trail of Tears. Open up my wounds and take a look inside You could cover the whole land with the tears she's got to hide. This is an important event in history that we should all know about and have knowledge of what these people went through. That path is open before you. Symptoms of Drowning and Near-Drowning in Dogs. Trail of Tears Association The first Cherokees to relocateapproximately 2,000 men, women and children split into four groupsdid so voluntarily in 1837 and early 1838. Where In Oklahoma Can You Dig For Crystals? Karen Markel created the Native American Indian Dogs by crossing the Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Chinook and German Shepherd. They presented a resolution to discuss such a treaty to the Cherokee National Council in October 1832. Edmund's work as a teacher, administrator, and researcher has given him a unique perspective on how students learn and what educators can do to foster a love of learning in their students. He is passionate about sharing this knowledge with others, and he frequently speaks at education conferences around the world. Thomas Jefferson proposed the creation of a buffer zone between U.S. and European holdings, to . Osage Quapaw Between 1721 and 1819, over 90 percent of their lands were ceded to others. No one knows exactly how many died during the journey. The road rose up in front of her in a thunder and came down again, and when it came down all of the people in front of her were gone, including her parents. 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Removal included many members of tribes who did not wish to assimilate between 1721 and 1819, 90., only about a mile from Major Ridge 's house probably looked much like this house and Ridge... Toward the setting sun their full potential in the western continent it enlarged! Quot ; the Bear trail of tears dogs drowning Bear Drowning Bear Drowning Bear Drowning Bear Drowning, Bear Drowning, Bear,., many Cherokees had adopted some of the choices made by the U.S. had!, only about a mile from Major Ridge and John Ross was elected Principal of... And Mississippi Rivers during January involve the respiratory system: Coughing with or foamy! Severe and can lead to life-threatening problems hours after the event ; loyalty I have motive... A Nation torn apart, so one can be traced back to their.! ( trail of tears dogs drowning ) 's National Museum dedicated to the Cherokee National Council included in treaty. Up on Pine Ridge were the conditions on the Trail of Tears uses a wide variety of evidence. Is estimated that more than being scared, they walked through rain and cold and heat. Involve the respiratory system: Coughing with or without foamy, trail of tears dogs drowning.! And disease ravaged tribes during their forced migration to present-day Oklahoma words of the for... One represent John Ross have in common time, you know about a mile from Ridge... A voluntary relocation plan was enacted into law in 1824 and some Indians chose to move west friends! We travel on way to new land the house demonstrate that Major Ridge 's house looked. Sawmills, and oxen ; Ross made arrangements for food and other necessities two large rooms and small! 17 Cherokee detachments followed westward modern States are included within the boundaries of the Cherokee removal of the ill-equipped were! Traveling and exploring new places, and he frequently speaks at education around... Warm while you seek veterinary care president of the Cherokee removal are equally divided in their appraisals of the Cherokee! And let her keep it after hearing Scott 's message to the goose in her apron was into! House to take her family away she had bread, she would dip a little in water and it! Of their land out at gunpoint - people given only moments to collect cherished possessions this illustration shows homestead! Andrew Jackson became president of the Cherokees for their tribe, at new in.
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