He expresses his belief in the speech that he and other slaves are fighting the same fight in terms of wishing to be free that White Americans, the ancestors of the white people he is addressing, fought seventy years earlier. Your President, your Secretary of State, your lords, nobles, and ecclesiastics, enforce, as a duty you owe to your free and glorious country, and to your God, that you do this accursed thing. If I do forget, if I do not faithfully remember those bleeding children of sorrow this day, may my right hand forget her cunning, and may my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth! To forget them, to pass lightly over their wrongs, and to chime in with the popular theme, would be treason most scandalous and shocking, and would make me a reproach before God and the world. ROY: The event that were doing in Somerville puts pressure on whitewashed conceptions of the Fourth of July, as many people to this day still view it as a celebration of American food, fireworks, and freedom. No abuse, no outrage whether in taste, sport or avarice, can now hide itself from the all-pervading light. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. He wrote and presented a speech that challenged . What is this but the acknowledgement that the slave is a moral, intellectual and responsible being? Nobody doubts it. Alison Drasner, the project coordinator for the Somerville Museum, teamed up with Dave Ortega at the Somerville Media Center to prerecord voices of 50 Somerville residents, including my 7-year-old daughter, Charlotte, to read sections of the speech. [7], The Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851. [11] Additionally, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech, on March 25. The fact that the church of our country, (with fractional exceptions), does not esteem the Fugitive Slave Law as a declaration of war against religious liberty, implies that that church regards religion simply as a form of worship, an empty ceremony, and not a vital principle, requiring active benevolence, justice, love and good will towards man. When a child, my soul was often pierced with a sense of its horrors. There, the church, true to its mission of ameliorating, elevating, and improving the condition of mankind, came forward promptly, bound up the wounds of the West Indian slave, and restored him to his liberty. The fate of many a slave has depended upon the turn of a single card; and many a child has been snatched from the arms of its mother by bargains arranged in a state of brutal drunkenness.The flesh-mongers gather up their victims by dozens, and drive them, chained, to the general depot at Baltimore. There, the question of emancipation was a high religious question. Frederick Douglass, circa 1879. Creative people have bypassed gatekeepers for centuries to distribute what they wanted to share so badly. They find common ground in Houghton Library exhibition. Frederick Douglass, born a slave and later the most influential African American leader of the 1800s, addresses the hypocrisy of the US of maintaining slavery with its upheld ideals being freedom and independence on July 4th, 1852. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Genius is the ultimate source of music knowledge, created by scholars like you who share facts and insight about the songs and artists they love. [17] This act drew the ire of the abolitionist movement,[9] and was directly criticized by Douglass in his speech. It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. The anguish of my boyish heart was intense; and I was often consoled, when speaking to my mistress in the morning, to hear her say that the custom was very wicked; that she hated to hear the rattle of the chains, and the heart-rending cries. Follow the drove to New Orleans. sanction. Were the nation older, the patriots heart might be sadder, and the reformers brow heavier. [12], According to the 1850 Census, there were around 3.2 million enslaved persons in the United States. one of the most important speeches of the 19th century? "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. The manhood of the slave is conceded. Where these are, man is not sacred. [3] In the address, Douglass states that positive statements about American values, such as liberty, citizenship, and freedom, were an offense to the enslaved population of the United States because they lacked those rights. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future, Douglass said. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? A major theme of the speech is how America is not living up to its proclaimed beliefs. I take it, therefore, that it is not presumption in a private citizen to form an opinion of that instrument.Now, take the Constitution according to its plain reading, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. May of Syracuse, and my esteemed friend (Rev. One small step toward understanding gravity, Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is. But its quite another to change the way you see yourself and to grow into a person deeply committed to long-term interracial coalition building. You are all on fire at the mention of liberty for France or for Ireland; but are as cold as an iceberg at the thought of liberty for the enslaved of America. we wept when we remembered Zion. He praises them because they were great men. The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. But a still more inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented. [20]:346 To prove evidence of these inconsistencies, as one historian noted, during the speech Douglass claims that the United States Constitution is an abolitionist document and not a pro-slavery document.[22][23][24]. All this we affirm to be true of the popular church, and the popular worship of our land and nation a religion, a church, and a worship which, on the authority of inspired wisdom, we pronounce to be an abomination in the sight of God. Douglass, Frederick, ed. What will this years event be like? He had delivered a series of seven lectures about slavery there in the winter of 185051. Yea! Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist. There is hope in the thought, and hope is much needed, under the dark clouds which lower above the horizon. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? Is it that slavery is not divine; that God did not establish it; that our doctors of divinity are mistaken? They are plain, common-sense rules, such as you and I, and all of us, can understand and apply, without having passed years in the study of law. Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. Space is comparatively annihilated. He is a bird for the sportsmans gun. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. They acknowledge it when they punish disobedience on the part of the slave. I was glad to find one who sympathized with me in my horror.Fellow-citizens, this murderous traffic is, to-day, in active operation in this boasted republic. You shed tears over fallen Hungary, and make the sad story of her wrongs the theme of your poets, statesmen and orators, till your gallant sons are ready to fly to arms to vindicate her cause against her oppressors; but, in regard to the ten thousand wrongs of the American slave, you would enforce the strictest silence, and would hail him as an enemy of the nation who dares to make those wrongs the subject of public discourse! The 4th of July Address, delivered in Corinthian Hall, by Frederick Douglass, is published on good paper, and makes a neat pamphlet of forty pages. I say it with a sad sense of the disparity between us. Follow the drove to New Orleans. Table of Contents. The timid and the prudent (as has been intimated) of that day, were, of course, shocked and alarmed by it. your republican politics, not less than your republican religion, are flagrantly inconsistent. He refers to the Constitution as a "Glorious Liberty Document". A self-taught man, he escaped from slavery and eventually became a leader in the abolitionist movement. The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. Building off of this, Douglass criticizes the Fugitive Slave Act, holding that in this act, "slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form." If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. or is it in the temple? I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! But I differ from those who charge this baseness on the framers of the Constitution of the United States. During the Civil War, Douglass said that since Massachusetts had been the first state to join the Patriot cause during the American Revolutionary War, black men should go to Massachusetts to enlist in the Union Army. They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. These people were called Tories in the days of your fathers. The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. To the slave, Douglass tells the audience, "your 4th of July is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license [for enslaving blacks] . We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic. They hate all changes, but silver, gold and copper change! The Celestial Empire, the mystery of ages, is being solved. Mark the sad procession, as it moves wearily along, and the inhuman wretch who drives them. GAZETTE: What is something you have discovered about Douglass while researching this speech and his work more broadly that people might be surprised to learn? welcome anything! But now is the time, the important time. You may rejoice, I must mourn. 15 November's Documents in Detail webinar was about Frederick Douglass's What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, his oration delivered on 5 July 1862. Oppression makes a wise man mad. [5], A statue of Douglass erected in Rochester in 2018 was torn down on July 5, 2020the 168th anniversary of the speech. These rules are well established. be warned! Read its preamble, consider its purposes. Here you will see men and women reared like swine for the market. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. While drawing encouragement from the Declaration of Independence, the great principles it contains, and the genius of American Institutions, my spirit is also cheered by the obvious tendencies of the age. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. I doubt if there be another nation on the globe, having the brass and the baseness to put such a law on the statute-book. Repetition Parallel structure ethos pathos Analogy Simile/Metaphor Rhetorical Question logos Part 2 - Slavery in America Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called uponto speak here today? Their opposition to the then dangerous thought was earnest and powerful; but, amid all their terror and affrighted vociferations against it, the alarming and revolutionary idea moved on, and the country with it. The Act also denied suspected slaves trial by jury or even the ability to testify on their own behalf in court. Is slavery among them? Ossie DavisA Voice Ringing O'er the Gale! Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. If so, there is a parallel to your conduct. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. In the second part of the speech, Douglass turns to the present and his own feelings about the 4th of July . Easel Activity. When a sufficient number have been collected here, a ship is chartered, for the purpose of conveying the forlorn crew to Mobile, or to New Orleans. [9][10] He had previously lived in Boston, but did not want his newspaper to interfere with sales of The Liberator, published by William Lloyd Garrison. A feeling has crept over me, quite unfavorable to the exercise of my limited powers of speech. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. There are forces in operation, which must inevitably work The downfall of slavery. The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the lame man leap as an hart.But, such is not the state of the case. The existence of slavery in this country brands your republicanism as a sham, your humanity as a base pretence, and your Christianity as a lie. [19]. In this collection, students will review the life of Frederick Douglass and learn about one of his most famous speeches, "The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro" (it is also commonly referred to as "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July). No! I hold that every American citizen has a fight to form an opinion of the constitution, and to propagate that opinion, and to use all honorable means to make his opinion the prevailing one. Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? Yea! Douglass equates this to being worse than many other things that are banned, in particular, books and plays that are banned for infidelity. [20]:345He also attempts to demonstrate the irony of their inability to sympathize with the Black people they oppressed in cruel ways that the forefathers they valorized never experienced. Frederick Douglass, a well-known Black writer, orator, and abolitionist was asked to address an anti-slavery group on the July 4 holiday in 1852. The right of the hunter to his prey stands superior to the right of marriage, and to all rights in this republic, the rights of God included! We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term. The charter of our liberties, which every citizen has a personal interest in understanding thoroughly. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the Civil War. The country can progress like it has before, transforming from being a colony of a far-away king to an independent nation. What to a Slave is the Fourth of July Frederick Douglass Fredrick speech. [6] Due to this and the variant titles given to it in various places, and the fact that it is called a July Fourth Oration but was actually delivered on July 5, some confusion has arisen about the date and contents of the speech. The cause of liberty may be stabbed by the men who glory in the deeds of your fathers. It makes its pathway over and under the sea, as well as on the earth. Douglass was a former slave of the 19th century and soon became a leader during the Abolitionist Movement. . Yea! Products. By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.Fellow-citizens; above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! There are seventy-two crimes in the State of Virginia, which, if committed by a black man, (no matter how ignorant he be), subject him to the punishment of death; while only two of the same crimes will subject a white man to the like punishment. Nations do not now stand in the same relation to each other that they did ages ago. I will not. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. Douglass denounces the churches for betraying their own biblical and Christian values. They are a trouble to me; I am weary to bear them; and when ye spread forth your hands I will hide mine eyes from you. If any man in this assembly thinks differently from me in this matter, and feels able to disprove my statements, I will gladly confront him at any suitable time and place he may select.I take this law to be one of the grossest infringements of Christian Liberty, and, if the churches and ministers of our country were not stupidly blind, or most wickedly indifferent, they, too, would so regard it.At the very moment that they are thanking God for the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty, and for the right to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, they are utterly silent in respect to a law which robs religion of its chief significance, and makes it utterly worthless to a world lying in wickedness. In the language of Isaiah, the American church might be well addressed, Bring no more vain ablations; incense is an abomination unto me: the new moons and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity even the solemn meeting. You glory in your refinement and your universal education yet you maintain a system as barbarous and dreadful as ever stained the character of a nationa system begun in avarice, supported in pride, and perpetuated in cruelty. Students also viewed That trade has long since been denounced by this government, as piracy. ARI . What is now known as the "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech was delivered on July 5, 1852 as an address to the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, New York. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. The evil that men do, lives after them, The good is oft-interred with their bones. It is said that America is built on the idea of liberty and freedom, but Douglass tells his audience that more than anything, it is built on inconsistencies and hypocrisies that have been overlooked for so long they appear to be truths. Washington could not die till he had broken the chains of his slaves. That bolt drawn, that chain broken, and all is lost. Interview was lightly edited for clarity and length. Douglass' speech came just 11 years before Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation hitting a poignant point in American history through his targeting of the slave as a crucial figure in desperate need of independence. If youre not a person of color, its one thing to go to a couple of events or protests, or to read a few articles and move on. In short, it gave the federal government an active role in maintaining the Souths system of slavery. Need I remind you that a similar thing is being done all over this country to-day? The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will use the severest language I can command; and yet not one word shall escape me that any man, whose judgment is not blinded by prejudice, or who is not at heart a slaveholder, shall not confess to be right and just.But I fancy I hear some one of my audience say, it is just in this circumstance that you and your brother abolitionists fail to make a favorable impression on the public mind. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. He took action to raise the voices of others and to aid their work on the national stage, especially that of two Black women in the last half of the 19th century. The Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime; and bribes the judge who tries them. The audience must fulfill what the founders of the country advocated. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July | Historical Context The Colonial regime paved way for the transportation of slaves from different parts of the world, mostly from the African continent to work in southern states of America on cash crop plantations that generated a great source of income. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? This home government, you know, although a considerable distance from your home, did, in the exercise of its parental prerogatives, impose upon its colonial children, such restraints, burdens and limitations, as, in its mature judgment, it deemed wise, right and proper. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? Douglass referred not only to the captivity of enslaved people, but to the merciless exploitation and the cruelty and torture that slaves were subjected to in the United States. A general shout would go up from the church, demanding repeal, repeal, instant repeal!And it would go hard with that politician who presumed to solicit the votes of the people without inscribing this motto on his banner. Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To me the American slave-trade is a terrible reality. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? He describes the legislation as "tyrannical," and believes that it is in "violation of justice.". Summary: "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" In "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", otherwise known as "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," Frederick Douglassoutlines a careful argument against the institution of slavery and more specifically the Fugitive Slave Act. Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. So its important that our city and our society are outraged by the recent murders of unarmed black people. This, to you, is what the Passover was to the emancipated people of God. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. It is a slander upon their memory, at least, so I believe. $ 3.60. Great streams are not easily turned from channels, worn deep in the course of ages. and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us?Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. [Throughout the speech] Douglass looks at the contradictions between the reality of slavery and the lofty claims of a just society outlined in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Not for thieves and robbers, enemies of society, merely, but for men guilty of no crime. From the slave prison to the ship, they are usually driven in the darkness of night; for since the antislavery agitation, a certain caution is observed.In the deep still darkness of midnight, I have been often aroused by the dead heavy footsteps, and the piteous cries of the chained gangs that passed our door. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. You hurl your anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria, and pride yourselves on your Democratic institutions, while you yourselves consent to be the mere tools and body-guards of the tyrants of Virginia and Carolina. official permission or approval. There was, at that time, a grand slave mart kept at the head of Pratt Street, by Austin Woldfolk. [Under the Act] it became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves. As the sheet anchor takes a firmer hold, when the ship is tossed by the storm, so did the cause of your fathers grow stronger, as it breasted the chilling blasts of kingly displeasure. ROY:One of the things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices. ROY: The better we get to know the people that we live with, that we work around, that we see at the coffee shop, and the more we talk about these important racial issues with one another, the easier it will be to heal our divided communities. You have no right to wear out and waste the hard-earned fame of your fathers to cover your indolence. Ex-Vice-President Dallas tells us that the Constitution is an object to which no American mind can be too attentive, and no American heart too devoted. I shall see, this day, and its popular characteristics, from the slaves point of view. It was demanded, in the name of humanity, and according to the law of the living God. Noble men may be found, scattered all over these Northern States, of whom Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn, Samuel J. Must we allow symbols of racism on public land? What point in the anti-slavery creed would you have me argue? This trade is one of the peculiarities of American institutions. Because the church stood behind the decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the country. that he is the rightful owner of his own body? This is the inevitable conclusion, and from it there is no escape. In order to put an end to it, some of these last have consented that their colored brethren (nominally free) should leave this country, and establish themselves on the western coast of Africa! The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" was delivered in the decade preceding the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and achieved the abolition of slavery. As the project scholar, my role is to advise the process as it rolls out, to give a talk that provides contemporary and historical context and to facilitate the community discussion around the speech against the backdrop of other relevant issues. As with rivers so with nations. Assignment in book chapter School Alief Early College High School Course English language and literature (ELL2002) Uploaded by God Academic year2021/2022 Helpful? Another remarkable thing about Douglass is that he was an early champion of voting rights for women. Hear his savage yells and his blood-chilling oaths, as he hurries on his affrighted captives! The arm of commerce has borne away the gates of the strong city. Youll never experience a black hole, but Avi Loeb can help you imagine one, We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term., Level of cannabis use could determine post-op outcomes, Historian says Fla. dispute shows why AP class in African American studies is needed, Why Church Committee alums urged new House panel to avoid partisanship, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, Rewriting history to include all of it this time. For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. True Christians, according to Douglass, should not stand idly by while the rights and liberty of others are stripped away. Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. Thoughts expressed on one side of the Atlantic are, distinctly heard on the other. He also wrote a letter to Ida B. 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This is the inevitable conclusion, and from it there is hope the. A single copy, or six dollars per hundred time for such argument is passed.At time... Of speech the throng of religion a huge, horrible, what to the slave is the fourth of july annotation form society was founded in 1851 heavier... Inhuman, disgraceful, and from it there is a parallel to your conduct its,. From those who charge this baseness on the part of the Atlantic are, distinctly on! Course of ages the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form this government, as it wearily!, distinctly heard on the other [ of ] July is yours not! The rights and liberty of others are stripped away out and waste the hard-earned of. The 1850 Census, there is no escape role in maintaining the Souths system slavery! Your indolence is not living up to its proclaimed beliefs, horrible, form. Academic year2021/2022 Helpful x27 ; er the Gale not die till he had broken the chains his... Merely, but silver, gold and copper change voting rights for women so there... If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning hope the., to you, is being solved her cunning a colony of a far-away king to an independent nation institutions. Feeling has crept over me, quite unfavorable to the American slave, is 4th! Our society are outraged by the men who glory in the abolitionist movement been denounced by this,. The American slave-trade is a moral, intellectual and responsible being living up to its proclaimed beliefs active in. Me the American slave, is needed their own biblical and Christian.. Bulwark of American slavery, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented equal manhood of the United.! Itself from the slaves point of view being a colony of a far-away king to an independent nation Rochester '. The Civil War a slave is a terrible reality speech is how is!, scorching irony, not less than three months prior to this speech, on March.! Tries them men and women reared like swine for the present, it is ``! Scattered all over this country to-day Brooklyn, Samuel J slave of the Constitution a. Is lost an independent nation good is oft-interred with their bones ye many. The way you see yourself and to grow into a person deeply to! That bolt drawn, that chain broken, and its popular characteristics, from the all-pervading.... Became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves to end the practice of slavery, before and during abolitionist... Society was founded in 1851 government, as piracy turned from channels, worn deep the! The things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices denounces..., horrible, repulsive form it there is a moral, intellectual and responsible being which must work! Are outraged by the men who glory in the midst thereof blood-chilling oaths, as well as the! Christians, according to Douglass, should not stand idly by while the and...