Many of the dogs had died en route. Please contact us for information about items that are not available for viewing/download or for which you might need a higher resolution format. [76] There were no fatalities or serious injuries among the personnel all returned safely home. [10] The ship was placed under the command of an experienced seafarer, Captain Naokichi Nomura. The newly established Scott Base was intended to serve the interests of both New Zealands IGY and TAE parties, and was placed under Hillarys command. Moreover, it marked the beginning of modern New Zealands close identification with Antarctica and its own Scott Base, and the end of old colonial hierarchies on the ice. The Commonwealth-sponsored expedition successfully completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole, on 2 March 1958. [28] The Christchurch Press thought they were "running it fine, even with their determination and daring". [31][30], On 6 March the crew sighted distant land, about 65km (40 miles) to the south-east the peaks of the Admiralty Range in Victoria Land. [96] He had hoped to raise substantial funds from the sale of his expedition account, but found that, in the rapidly-changing Japan, the taste for the "Boys Own" type of adventure story had diminished he had become, as Stephanie Pain puts it in her New Scientist account, "the wrong sort of hero". He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974 and was President of the Royal Geographical Society from 1982 to 1984. For Fuchs to succeed in journeying from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Pole, his plan like that of Ernest Shackletons ill-fated attempt 40 years earlier depended on a supporting party from New Zealand. Data are focused on features of Antarctica and the Antarctic Ocean. [86] They erected a sign recording their presence,[82][83] and after some further exploration of the area and the collection of rock samples,[87] returned to the ship. After an initial speculation about pirates, they saw as they drew nearer that the ship was flying the Norwegian flag, and realised that this was Amundsen's ship, Fram. 1958: Explorers meet at South Pole. 1958] (229) General Report on the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition II, -1957-58. Categories: Mountains, Nepal. The world has been through many tragic events that have shaped the world that we live in today. This resource consists of many volumes of data from the Japanese Arctic Research Expedition (JARE). Takesi Nagata led the summer operations for 1956-1957. Although Fuchs later stressed the scientific potential of his plan which he said took initial shape as he sheltered from a blizzard, huddled in a tent on Antarcticas Stonington Island the proposal also had geopolitical motivations. Theres a certain amount of jubilation here this afternoon.. First published in the Sydney Morning Herald on March 3, 1958. On their return, Shirase and his team were greeted as heroes, but interest swiftly died, and Shirase was burdened with expedition debts that took years to clear. The beginning of international cooperation in Antarctica and the start of the process by which Antarctica becomes "non-national". [57] An advance party ascended the Barrier to examine the surface and judge its suitability for travel. The first successful crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole was carried out by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition from 1955 to 1958. [10] This ship was the Hoko Maru, a former fishing industry service boat. [44][49] On 19 November 1911 Kainan Maru sailed from the harbour, where in contrast to the mood at their arrival, they were seen off by throngs of well-wishers, "cheering and waving their white handkerchiefs and black hats in the air". While Fuchs soon won the support of many in the Commonwealth polar and scientific communities, some derided what appeared to be a geopolitical exercise using the supposedly apolitical, science-focused IGY. [38] Tension had grown following Japan's recent military victories in Russia and China, and as in New Zealand, there was considerable suspicion about the party's true purpose. Edmund Hillary (left) with Vivian Fuchs at the South Pole, January 20, 1958. [77][n 3], After leaving Shirase's party, Kainan Maru sailed eastwards, arriving off the King Edward VII Land coast in Biscoe Bay on 23 January at 7656'S, 15555'W. [8] By the time they were ready to depart, they had earned some respect from the New Zealand public; the Lyttelton Times sympathetically offered "the last Godspeed to the plucky little band of explorers from the Far East". Anyone wishing to consult material should ensure they note the entire MS reference and the name of the originator. Description. Written permission to publish material subject to the Institute's copyright must be obtained from the Director. July 1957-Dec. 1958. [8] Dogs would be the prime mode of transport in the Antarctic; Shirase's initial preference for Manchurian ponies was impractical, since the expedition's ship, acquired with the assistance of Okuna, was too small to carry horses. This is subject to conservation requirements, copyright law, and payment of fees. Eight Below is the adaptation of the events of the 1958 incident moved forward to 1993. . The 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (Showa Station) inspired the 1983 hit film Antarctica, of which Eight Below is a remake. Some materials deposited at the Institute are NOT owned by the Institute. [40] Edgeworth David and other supporters accompanied them for the short distance to Shark Island. These were the two youngest dogs on the team (at three years old) were brothers, and were the pups of Kuma, a dog that had also been on the chain at Showa, but had broken free and disappeared. At the head of a major public relations campaign, Hillarys attachment to the expedition was a big factor in growing support for the expedition. Stefansson Mss-212: United States Antarctic Projects Office-Official Observer reports, United States Antarctic Projects Office-Official Observer reports, https://www.dartmouth.edu/library/rauner/, Rauner.Special.Collections.Reference@dartmouth.edu. Japan : Stamps [Theme: Snow | Catalog: Sakura] [9/29]. . [48] Just before their departure, as a further sign of his regard, Shirase presented David with his 17th century samurai sword, a rare gift indeed to a non-Japanese. [79] The other party of three (Nishikawa, Watanabe and the cine-cameraman Taizumi), made better progress towards the Alexandra Mountains,[83][81] which Scott had observed from the sea in 1902, and named after the British queen. A bundle of congratulatory cables awaited Dr Fuchs. Instead, he decided, the Japanese expedition would focus on more modest objectives in science, surveying, and exploring in King Edward VII Land. So far, so good Sir Edmund Hillary (left) with Dr Vivian Fuchs at the South Pole in January. The Ross Sea was open, and Kainan Maru proceeded swiftly south,[52] so that on 10 January they had their first sight of the Great Ice Barrier. Cruise date: 4 Mar - 14 Mar, 2023. [99] JARE has remained active since; its current research vessel is called Shirase. Champagne was opened after Mrs Fuchs has telephoned. 1957-1958 - During the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, 12 nations establish 50 stations in Antarctica, the beginning of formal, international cooperation. [89] On the way back to the Bay of Whales they paused at a small bay which they named Okuma Bay in honour of the expedition's patron. But as a historian of Antarctic science, I believe the expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude. [18] In the absence of a proper scientific team, Shirase had to scale down his scientific programme; he would concentrate on the conquest of the Pole. [71], Clad in inadequate clothing and footwear, and with no experience of polar travel,[72] the Dash Patrol set out at noon on 20January. At the time, the United Kingdoms claims in Antarctica were under increasing threat from Argentina and Chile. Sir Edmund Hillary training on a tractor at Aoraki Mount Cook before his Antarctica expedition. [8] Realistically, it was far too late in the season for this schedule to be viable, but this was not yet apparent to Shirase or his supporters. They had carried out seismic soundings right across the continent. Kainan Maru was taken further east along the coast than any previous ship; the Dash Patrol sledged faster than anyone before, and became only the fourth team up to that time to travel beyond 80S. [36] Of 28 dogs that had left Japan, only 12 had reached New Zealand alive, and as they set out for Sydney, only one of these was left; poor conditions, combined with tapeworm infection, had proved fatal to the rest. In 1958, the first Japanese Antarctic Expedition prepares to leave Showa Base to be replaced by a second party of scientists who are on board the ice-breaker, Soya. This telegram was accidentally released to the New Zealand press. The 1983 movie Antarctica is based on a 1958 Japanese expedition: two dogs really survived by themselves for one full year in Antarctica and recognized their master when he came back: tough dogs. [96][72], In 1979 Mary Edgeworth David donated her father's samurai sword to the Australian Museum, where it is a focus of interest to many Japanese visitors. Deviating from the expeditions initial plans and disobeying orders from the Ross Sea Committee, Hillary continued to the South Pole and arrived at the US Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station on January 3, 1958, becoming the first to make this journey using overland vehicles. Please try again later. [31] The ship sailed on, past the Possession Islands and towards Coulman Island, where ice conditions were even worse. [31][30], The consequences of their late departure were now becoming evident; with the onset of winter, the sea was beginning to freeze around them. [22] After cargo trimming in Tateyama, the ship finally left Japan on 1 December,[24] carrying 27 men and 28 Siberian dogs,[8] leaving behind a debt that would increase considerably during the course of the expedition, and would burden Shirase for many years. [5] [6] The harshness of these experiences did not diminish his Arctic ambitions. What many of you do not know is that as part of my trip I had to spend a homestay weekend with a Japanese family. Copyright 2020 Trustees of Dartmouth College, Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1958 - 1959. Perhaps most significantly, an exercise designed to showcase Commonwealth unity ended up demonstrating the opposite. Nepal (1972) Cover / Everest Expedition quantity + Add to cart. [8][22] The two contemporaneous South Pole expeditions, led respectively by Scott and Amundsen, were by this time well established in their Antarctic bases. The tough, bearded, medium-height figure man who conceived, organised and led the 500,000 expedition told newspaper men to fire the questions.. [30] On 26 February the first iceberg was sighted,[30] after which the ship was surrounded by ice of all kinds, from loose brash to huge bergs. History of Antarctica. [88][90] On 1 February they arrived at the Bay of Whales, but ice conditions prevented them for two days from beginning the embarkation of Shirase's party. This article was inspired by the excellent article "Science, the South Pole, and the Japanese expedition of 1910-1912" by William R. Stevenson III in Endevour Vol. Sir Edmund Hillary led the New Zealand component of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE) in 1955-58, under the overall command of the British explorer Dr Vivian Fuchs. Very pistols shot up coloured charges in noisy welcome and an American band from neighbouring Hut Point played as the long trek ended. URANIUM IN ANTARCTICA; Japanese I. G. Y. Expedition Reports the Discovery. In his account to The Geographical Journal, Ivar Hamre describes a gala occasion, with flags and bunting flying,[23] while others write of brass bands, speeches and around 50,000 supporters present. 4.0 Antarctica. In its second Antarctic season, 191112, it made no major scientific or geographical discoveries, but could claim some significant achievements. The remainder of the expedition was an exercise in damage control, with the organising committees in New Zealand and the UK stressing there was indeed only one expedition, and there had been no race to the Pole. [11], The government's response was lukewarm;[8] it agreed a financial contribution and the possible loan of a ship, but in the event, parliament would not release the funds. The expedition and disaster. At the head of a major public relations campaign, Hillarys attachment to the expedition was a big factor in growing support for the expedition. The Queen will confer a knighthood on Dr Fuchs, it was announced from 10 Downing Street. Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (Crayon Shin-chan) (d. 2009) [25] In generally poor weather, Kainan Maru struggled southwards,[8][24] crossing the Equator on 29 December,[24] and arriving in Wellington, storm-battered and unannounced, on 7 February 1911. The Treaty entered into force on 23 June 1961; the 12 signatories became the original 12 consultative nations. 1958 - West Indies Federation; 1965 - Cooperation Year; 1965 - ITU; 1980 - 80th Aniv. [10] Early in 1910 he presented an outline of his plans to the government, declaring that, within three years, he would raise the Japanese flag at the South Pole. Dr Vivian Fuchs yesterday completed his 21,100-mile crossing of the Antarctic continent from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea. 1st July 1957 - 31st Dec 1958. International Geophysical Year (IGY) 12 nations establish over 60 stations in Antarctica. [44] Nevertheless, life during the long winter months was generally frugal and monotonous,[43] "almost a beggar's life", Shirase later wrote. Japanese Antarctic Expedition, collection Japanese Antarctic Expedition. And it helped cement New Zealands independent relationship with Antarctica, specifically the Ross Dependency and Scott Base, as quite separate from its ties to Britain. m/v Hondius. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition was conceived of in the early 1950s and took place in 1957 and 1958. Copyright restrictions apply to most material. to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol 1991) in 1998 and joined the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 2007. Two Sakhalin Husky dogs, Taro and Jiro, who survived in Antarctica for a year. Date: 4 Mar - 14 Mar, 2023 I. G. Y. Expedition Reports the Discovery long ended..., but could claim some significant achievements many volumes of data from the Director service. 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